What Do Monarch Butterflies Eat

Monarch butterflies eat nectar from flowers, just as other butterflies do. Butterfly mouthparts are made for drinking nectar. If you look at a monarch butterflys head, you will see its proboscis, a long straw, curled up below its mouth. When it lands on a flower, it can unfurl the proboscis, stick it down into the flower, and suck up the sweet fluid. Monarch Butterflies Drink Nectar from a Variety of Flowers If youre planting a garden for monarch butterflies, try to provide a variety of flowers that bloom throughout the months when monarchs visit your area. Fall flowers are particularly important, as migrating monarchs need plenty of energy to make the long journey south. Monarchs are large butterflies and prefer larger flowers with flat surfaces they can stand on while nectaring. Try planting some of their favorite perennials, and youre sure to see monarch all summer long. What Do Monarch Caterpillars Eat? Monarch caterpillars eat the leaves of milkweed plants, which belong to the family ​Asclepiadaceae. Monarchs are specialist feeders, meaning they will only eat a specific kind of plant (milkweeds), and cannot survive without it. Monarch butterflies gain an important defense against predators by feeding​ on milkweed as caterpillars. Milkweed plants contain toxic steroids, known as cardenolides, which are bitter-tasting. Through metamorphosis, the monarchs store the cardenolides and emerge as adults with the steroids still in their bodies. The caterpillars can tolerate the toxins, but their predators find the taste and effect more than unpleasant. Birds that attempt to eat monarchs will often regurgitate, and quickly learn that those orange and black butterflies dont make a good meal. Monarch Caterpillars Eat Two Types of Milkweed Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) often grows along roadsides and in fields, where mowing practices may cut down the milkweed just as the caterpillars are feeding. Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) is a showy, bright orange perennial that gardeners usually prefer for their flower beds. But dont limit yourself to these two common species; there are dozens of milkweed varieties to plant, and monarch caterpillars will munch them all. Monarch Watch has a nice ​guide to milkweeds for adventurous butterfly gardeners who want to try something different.

Concert Paper - 1206 Words

Running Head: CONCERT PAPER Concert Paper 1 Kellee Pruitt Lamar University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for MUSI1306.49F Michelle White November 18, 2011 Concert Paper One By definition, music refers to an art whose medium is sound and silence. On the other hand, art refers to a skill, being able to do something in a way that the majority will appreciate. It is acquired through knowledge and talent too. In this context therefore, I am going to give insights on various aspects of music giving major attention to classical music as the major point of interest and its due application in real life concert I attended. Classical music is specific to its origin and major†¦show more content†¦From the look of things, the concert on 8th August 2011 at the Verizon attracted large numbers and there was delay at the entrance as some security checks had to be done. I must say I am a great fan of Jill Scott’s music would do anything to ensure that I was in for the concert and so I did and gathered information that, the stage looked really set for a great performance and the purpose of Mint Condition was fulfilled as they set the mood right for the in- attendants and all was in favor of Jill’s performance and her fans too. Music was in the air as soon as all the people at the gate had been attended to. The essence of Jill Scott on stage could be felt from the mood during the performance and how people gave their appreciation. Similarly classical music brought out the real aspect of musical literature and the feeling of fulfillment and musical therapy and Scott’s music here was no exception at all. Therefore, the aspect of musical literature was really portrayed in this concert. The setting of the concert is what I appreciated most (Youtube.com, 2007) . Unlike most concerts that I have attended before, this was different in the sense that the audience portrayed very calm moods throughout the concert with minimore noise as the performance was on apart from the usual timely appreciation of loud applauses. The environment was serene and sober. There was no unnecessary shouting and screaming as the performance went on. Lighting was well considered for bothShow MoreRelatedConcert Attendance Paper2383 Words   |  10 Pagesmolto Adagio cantabile/Allegro vivace Sonata (1915) I.Prologue: Lent, sostenuto e molto risoluto II.Serenade: Moderement anime III.Final: Anime, leger et nerveux Claude Debussy The Concert On Sunday, 14 October, Jeffrey Phelps, cello and Lee Jordan-Anders, piano, performed Ludwig van Beethoven’s Sonata in A Major, Opus 69 (1808) and Claude Debussy’s Sonata (1915) at Trinity Methodist Church in Smithfield Virginia. 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Digital Pen2180 Words   |  9 Pagesdigital pen is a computer invention that transmits writing into digital media. Digital technology is entering today’s classrooms and learning environments. Digital pen-and-paper user interfaces bridge the gap between both worlds by electronically capturing the interactions of a user with a pen on real paper. Our Digital pen and paper platform is a quick, easy and reliable way of capturing and sending information from outside the office. Use a digital pen to fill out a form, draw a sketch, and then sendRead MorePerception Vs. Reality By John Green1060 Words   |  5 PagesPaper Towns: Perception vs. Reality The book Paper Towns by John Green is a story about going past the imagination to actually know somebody. Quentin, who is convinced he is in love with the wild and adventurous Margo, goes on a journey to find her when she ran away. Through this journey, he finds a new Margo, the real Margo. 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Deep Purple was a rock band formed in 1968 who experimented with, and incorporated the Baroque style into their music. However, much of today’s music only has some similarities of the Baroque era. The original goal of this research paper was to find a modern day band that incorporated the Baroque style of music into their own. After doing research, it was discovered that a famous band known as Deep Purple was one of the first to incorporate the Baroque style into some of their music

Agricultural Export Markets Of Australia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Agricultural Export Markets Of Australia. Answer: Introduction In Australia agriculture is regarded as one of the important sectors of the economy. Australian farmers contribute 60 percent total farm production in world. Based on inputs from the agricultural sector different industries have grown up. This indicates significant forward linkage of the industry. Agriculture contributes to 2.3 percent of nations GDP through direct production and export values ((Langridge, Cordell and D'Occhio 2014).. Apart from meeting domestic demand for food the sector supports export market and earns nearly AUD$41 billion every year. Therefore, the nation always focuses on the growth of agricultural sector. Recently, policy initiated to promote and boos export of agro products. Summary of the article story The top three export markets of Australia are China, United States and Japan. The products that China imports from Australia include wheat, butter and wool. China has eliminated the tariff barriers to freely import and sell Australian beef and dairy products in Chinas market. The Free Trade Agreement between Australia and United States strengthen the trade relation between the two nations (Fleming and Coulter 2017). US import a significant portion of dairy products, avocados, cotton and beef. Japan manly imports oilseeds and grains from Australia. In the Australian export market these three nations account 21%, 11.3% and 9.4% respectively. In view of slightly declining trend of Australian agricultural export Prime Minister Turnbull announces that the government will develop a Unified national brand in order to help Australia to main its competitive position in globally extended trade markets of China, US and Japan. The government committed to develop a much stronger national brand under its foreign trade policy (theaustralian.com.au 2017). There are growing demands for goods made in Australia. To retain its position an improved branding is required as suggested by Trade, Tourism and Investment minister. Australia is positioned within the top 10 exporters of agricultural product in the world. The food and fresh products produced in Australia are considered as clean and green in the international market (theconversation.com 2017). This raises demand for Australian agriculture. The fisheries and agriculture export and Australia generate $47 billion worth of revenues. Objective of the policymakers is to make it easier for buyer all over the world to purchase agro products of Australia and other related products. The nation therefore gives weight for marketing of Australian agricultural exports. Therefore, the government think of using a strong and easily identifiable symbol so that it becomes easier to indentify Aussie product. When export expands then this will create demand for local labour and creates employment opportunities. Economic evaluation of the story Demand and Supply are two important determinant of price in the market. Demand represents buyers willingness and purchasing decision. The supply condition shows decision on the part of sellers. These two forces work together to determine price and stabilize it. When any two factors fail to match with other then its direct influence is on the price of the commodity (Thomas, Lubinda and Angula 2015). With increase in world population, the global demand for food is also rising. There are many countries that are unable to meet the need of national food demand. These countries therefore depend on import from other countries. Australia is a major food producer in world and already exported its agro products to various nations (worldatlas.com 2017). Apart from its existing export demand additional demand coming from emerging economies as well. Increases in demand with given supply generates an upward pressure on price. In the market described above dd and ss stands for demand and supply curve respectively. An increase in demand due to factor other than price leads to a rightward shifts of the existing demand curve (Mahanty 2014). The new demand curve is d1d1. The new equilibrium price in the market is P1 and in response to high price, a larger quantity is now supplied in the market. The high price makes export more lucrative for Australian farmers. Policy of branding Australian export provides support to expand export in the sector and gives farmers opportunity for a high income. There is another side of the story. The increased export of agricultural products may create a shortage of supply in the domestic market. The agricultural production becomes limited because of restricted supply of land. If the farmers fail to increase the production in line with the demand then this situation further raises price in the domestic market (Karia 2015). The possible situation is described below Figure 2: Supply shortage and high price in domestic market (Source: as created by Author) Figure 2 shows how a reduction in supply causes a price increase in demand. The supply shortage in market shifts the initial supply curve to the left from ss to s1s1. The resulted price increase is shown by an increase in price from P to P1 Recommendation The article describes the recent policy of export promotion taken by Australian government. The demand for Australian agricultural export is growing day by day. This raises price of exported products. In order to match world demand Australia should take steps to raise productivity. Since, the supply of land is limited increasing productivity is the only way of meeting rising demand. Employment of advanced technology is one way of increasing productivity. Apart from export promotion government should also focuses on domestic market as well. The high price of food in domestic market makes it difficult for people to afford it. In times when supply shortage created a price hike then government should either subsidized farmers to provide food at a reasonable price or should set a ceiling price. Conclusion The paper makes aneconomic evaluation of Australian agricultural sector. In Australia, agriculture is one of the crucial sectors of the economy. The sector has made significant contribution in gross domestic product, employment and trade. With an attempt to maintain Australian competitiveness in the export market the government recently initiates strategy of introducing a string brand symbol for every export product. As agriculture is one of the important contributors of export market the policy has obvious implication on agriculture. There are chances of an increasing price in the domestic market. The government should focuses on productivity growth of agriculture and pricing strategy to maintain stability in agriculture. References Chambers, G. and Chambers, G. (2017).Big push for new national brand. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/foreign-affairs/minister-flags-plan-to-sell-brand-australia/news-story/3f0c8c3cb487857eb6fc0d79d6c5029bhttps://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/foreign-affairs/minister-flags-plan-to-sell-brand-australia/news-story/3f0c8c3cb487857eb6fc0d79d6c5029b [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017]. Chepkemoi, J. (2017).Top Agricultural Export Markets Of Australia. [online] WorldAtlas. Available at: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-agricultural-export-markets-of-australia.html [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017]. Fleming, E. and Coulter, H., 2017.Agricultural Export Marketing in the South Pacific: the future role of marketing authorities. Canberra, ACT: National Centre for Development Studies, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.. Karia, A.A., 2015. Intermediate microeconomics. Langridge, P., Cordell, D.J. and D'Occhio, M., 2014. Agriculture in Australia: growing more than our farming future. Mahanty, A.K., 2014.Intermediatemicroeconomics with applications. Academic Press. The Conversation. (2017).Australia's 'five strong pillar economy': agriculture. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/australias-five-strong-pillar-economy-agriculture-40388 [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017]. Thomas, B., Lubinda, M. and Angula, M., 2015. Principles of microeconomics.

The Love and Devotion of Lady Macbeth Essay Example

The Love and Devotion of Lady Macbeth Paper Power, and the pursuit of it, can make the strongest person weak. An ironic twist because power is supposed to be the opposite of weakness, but they can be one and the same. The primal thirst for power can lead to people committing atrocities whether in real life or those who are portrayed in fiction. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Macbeth is susceptible to be corrupted by the yearning for power and Lady Macbeth does horrible deeds out of love for her husband. Although she appears evil, she loves her husband so much that she is willing to be unsexed, give her sanity and plot treason for her husband’s ambitions. Lady Macbeth is a woman, and as a woman she is automatically and unjustly associated with being a soft and warm-hearted person. As she vehemently pleads here, â€Å"†¦Come you spirits/ That tend on mortal thoughts! Unsex me here/†¦ come to my woman’s breasts/ And take my milk for gall†, (Shakespeare, Act I, Scene V, L 40-47) she desires to lose these qualities to do what is necessary of her. This is one of the most powerful things that can be done for another. The mere fact that Lady Macbeth is willing to call on evil spirits for this unwieldy process shows that she has the utmost love and devotion for her husband. One cannot overlook the irony of Lady Macbeth calling on the very same evil spirits that predicted her husband to be to king, to help herself have the power to make Macbeth the leader of Scotland. We will write a custom essay sample on The Love and Devotion of Lady Macbeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Love and Devotion of Lady Macbeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Love and Devotion of Lady Macbeth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also that is she had truly gotten her wish, then she would have lost one of woman’s greatest gifts, the ability to have children or an heir to the throne. Later in the play, as a result of Lady Macbeth’s hardened actions, she is beginning to lose her sanity. In all states of consciousness, Macbeth’s well-being still plagues her mind. As she is sleep walking, she is trying to assure Macbeth and sooth him into relaxing sleep, portrayed here, â€Å"†¦I tell you yet again, Banquo’s buried; / He cannot come out on’s grave†. Act I, Scene V, L 60-61) As one can see here, one of her innermost desires is for Macbeth to be happy, but they suffer from the same illness, their conscience, which constantly reminds them of the mayhem they have created. This leads her to lose her most treasured possession, her mind, because of her actions out of love for Macbeth. Eventually it drives her to complete madness and leads her to take her life, a martyr for M acbeth’s path to kingship. The binding guilt that tormented Lady Macbeth’s mind was not unfounded. Although her hands did not commit the murder of King Duncan, she is directly responsible. She was the driving force behind Macbeth and pushed him into the murder, even when he had his doubts about the worth of becoming king. Lady Macbeth’s sheer devotion and love for Macbeth did what was necessary, not what was nice, for Macbeth’s aspirations. As one can see, â€Å"†¦ look like the innocent flower/ But be the serpent under’t†¦ you shall put/ This night’s great business into my dispatch;† (Act I, Scene V, 64-67), Lady Macbeth set out a foolproof plan to ease the burden of stress that is weighing on Macbeth. The plot and acts of treason and regicide are tokens of Lady Macbeth’s devotion because royalty in medieval times were said to be chosen by the divine. In order for lady Macbeth to hazard her life and potentially her afterlife for Macbeth’s temporal desires is just another of the many signs of love and devotion. As one can now see, Lady Macbeth is not an evil character but an extremely realistic one who gave all of her strength for her husband’s weakness. She is somebody who out of love and devotion is willing to give her femininity, her sanity and plot treason for her husband. Lady Macbeth gives everything she possibly can for the happiness of another, the true definition of love. All of this is done because of Macbeth’s weakness when he saw the potential for power. One can only wonder how far he would have gotten if he did not have the love and devotion of Lady Macbeth to aid him on his journey. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

How do Migration and Urbanization Bring About Urban Poverty in Developing Countries

How do Migration and Urbanization Bring About Urban Poverty in Developing Countries Introduction Urbanization is the increase in the urban share of the total population. A report given by The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) states that urbanization has rapidly increased in Africa and Asia since the year 2000 (UNFPA, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How do Migration and Urbanization Bring About Urban Poverty in Developing Countries? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report says this population will duplicate by the year 2030 and many of the new urbanites will be poor. Urbanization has been found to contribute to poverty while on the other hand being a solution to it. In addition, it has been found to create and solve environmental problems. The trick is in exploiting the possibilities and reaching a balance before the problem gets out of hand (UNFPA, 2007). Once the problem gets out of hand, the repercussions may adversely affect the economy of a country. This will hinder dev elopment, which is every country’s desire. The major cause of urbanization in developing countries is rural to urban migration. Migration refers to the movement of people from one area to another for different reasons. When there is a high rate of rural to urban migration, there is pressure on the limited resources in the urban centers. This eventually leads to high poverty cases in cities as the government tries to distribute its resources (Ibid). This research paper is going to analyze the relationship between migration, urbanization, and poverty. The research question is; how do migration and urbanization contribute to urban poverty in developing countries? Urbanization in developing countries In most developing countries, infrastructure is centralized such that the best amenities are at the urban centers. High and diversified populations characterize these. Urban centers offer the best education facilities, hospitals, industries and job opportunities.Advertising L ooking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cities have a wide market potential as they have several shopping malls owned by local and foreign investors. This offers comfort and convenience as all one needs are easily accessible. Urban centers are also able to provide a wide range of services to its residents in terms of sanitation, transportation, recreation, housing and cultural activities. Industries, factories, governmental and non-governmental companies are set up within cities. These offer employment opportunities that attract people from rural areas. There is rich cultural diversity in urban centers and therefore much exposure. Cities offer an informed comfortable life that is full of opportunities (Samers, 2010). The rural areas only capitalize in agriculture and this often with low returns due to the poor market prices in towns. Inability to find a suitable market for the farm produ cts leads to losses with adverse economic effects to the farmer. Poor and traditional farming methods result in low productivity leading to low quality harvests. With the competition from imported farm products, these do not stand a chance in the market. They have a sparse population with poor infrastructure in most cases. The quality of life is relatively low as compared to the urban life. Rural areas comprise of majorly one ethnic group and therefore lack exposure to other cultures. Life here is relatively less competitive and there are less development opportunities. The quality of education offered is low and may not match what employers look for. To realize a better life, these people move to urban areas in search of education and job opportunities leading to urbanization (Martin, 2008). Urbanization may boost a country’s economy as it shifts focus from agricultural production to other types of goods and services. These include services like banking, information technolo gy and electronics. These enlarge the opportunities for small scale and large-scale business ideas.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How do Migration and Urbanization Bring About Urban Poverty in Developing Countries? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also gives room to local and international investments, as there is need for development. Urbanization comes about because of massive movement of people from rural to urban areas within a country or across countries. It can also result from natural increases in population through a high birth rate and a low death rate. Initially, the population growth is an advantage for the local government (Mohanty, 1993). In an era of industrialization, this means availability of cheap labor as the demand is high. Increase in population means a better market for international and internal investors. The living standards of people rise as they get better paying jobs. There is rapid development of a town following urbanization. The government ensures the security of an urban center as it hosts several people. Better infrastructure and social amenities are set up to provide efficient and fast services. Urbanization is therefore a good step towards development (Martin, 2008). Overtime, though, urbanization can lead to adverse effects. For example, urbanization contributes to alterations in social and economic structures of a country. This is because it strains a city’s capacity to provide amenities like education, healthcare, transportation, sanitation, housing and physical security. The urban poor find themselves in downtown areas where they reside in old, rundown buildings, substandard housing and empty stores. Some may even end up homeless due to the high living standards. Thus, slums are set up within cities to accommodate the urban poor. Poor hygiene, diseases, high productivity, crime, congestion and the utmost poverty characterize these (Bi lsborrow, 1996).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to the strained resources, the urban poor end up in social problems like crime, vandalism and unemployment. Their children end up in the streets as beggars and if not curbed this brings about generational poverty. Massive sprawl arises in form of increases in traffic, crowded schools, increased expenses, air pollution and water pollution. This culminates in urban poverty. Many residents invest in the city’s suburbs in search of quite, safe and expansive neighborhoods leading to expansion of the cities. Adverse environmental changes accompany urbanization. This includes climate and global change due to the massive pollution from industries, factories, automotives and individuals (Martin, 2008). Migration in developing countries Urbanization and migration are related in that the latter brings about the former. Migration refers to the long-term relocation to a new region outside one’s original community. Migration can be internal or international. Internal migration i nvolves movement of people from rural to urban centers, or urban to rural areas within the country of origin. International migration involves long-term relocation to another country (Harris, 1970). Migration occurs due to two main factors categorized as push factors and pull factors. Push factors are those adverse conditions in the place of origin that force one to relocate. These could be adverse environmental conditions like famine, drought and floods. Insecurity in the place of origin due to ethnic clashes may force individuals to migrate. Such factors could lead to internally displaced people to take refuge in different communities within their countries. In cases where there is insecurity in a country, people take refuge in neighboring countries. Refugees flee from domestic and international conflicts based on race, nationality, religion and politics. Poor social amenities like hospitals, schools, transport and sanitation can influence people’s choice to relocate. High cases of unemployment and few social opportunities also lead to migration. Other push factors include primitive conditions, discrimination and loss of wealth, death threats and poor chances of marrying (Cohen, 1996). Pull factors are those positive conditions that draw people to new places. These include better environmental conditions, better infrastructure, exposure, and better income and employment opportunities. Family links and better chances of marrying have also act as pull factors. International migration involves labor migrations, refugees and undocumented migrants. There are rules governing international migration such that this migration can be legal or illegal. Migration can also be voluntary or involuntary depending on the prevailing circumstances. Individuals who migrate to live in another country are called immigrants while those leave their country to reside in a different country are called emigrants (Ibid). There are different theories of migration. An example of s uch theories is the neoclassical theory. According to this theory, wage differences in two geographical localities can contribute to labor migration. This depends on labor demand and supply. People move to areas of high demand and low supply as this offers higher wages (Cohen, 1996). Dual labor market theory suggests that pull factors are the major reasons for migration. This pull arises due to a need for intensive, low skill, well paying labor in developed regions. Another theory, the new economics of labor migration, involves social entities as a reason for migration. For example, a household may send a member to a developed region to upgrade their living standards by sending remittances. The relative deprivation theory gives importance to the awareness of in-come differences between neighboring regions (Cohen, 1996). Rural to urban migration leads to the demand of urban amenities exceeding the supply. Overcrowding and congestion is the natural result of this migration. There is a lot of pressure on social amenities as a result and increase in social vice. Poor housing leads to development of slums within the urban centers. The rural areas, on the other hand face brainwash as its best-educated members relocate. Young, energetic and well-educated rural members are more prone to job migration. Their migration implies an adverse impact on the development of rural areas as it slows down and stagnates over the years. Agricultural productivity decreases as the rural areas are neglected and the country as a whole suffers, as this is the main source of revenue in developing countries (Samers, 2010). Urban poverty in developing countries As discussed already, migration and urbanization lead to poverty in urban centers due to strained resources. The poor in urban centers find it difficult to secure decent living conditions. This is especially true for female rather than male residents due to gender disparity in developing countries. Women and children face more challe nges as they are more vulnerable and they have few casual job opportunities. Women also face social stigma due to their living standards as compared to men. They have inadequate shelter in insecure neighborhoods exposed to hazards. Accessibility to social amenities is limited and this exposes them to diseases and accidents (Urban Age, 2009). The urban poor are not represented well in governments with selfish political leaders who do not associate with the poor. This is because they have little time to air their grievances as each struggles to make ends meet. In search countries, there are two classes of people namely: the rich and the poor. The line between the two classes is so thick that neither can cross over. Reproduction rate is high among the poor, as they do not have money to spare in medical attention. Without family planning measures, they end up with many children which strains their resources further. The sources of income for the urban poor are not constant as most of th em are temporary casuals. This means it is hard to save enough for all the family needs. Children are likely to miss quality education and start working at a young age to help increase the family income (Urban Age, 2009). Migrants do not necessarily find work in line with their qualifications. They know few or no people and are likely to take a long time fitting into the urban setting. In cases of illegal migration, they also face the challenge of hiding from the authority. In cases of forced migration due, they may have little or no cash to help them settle. The desperation makes them choose any kind of work, probably menial, to sustain them. The situation may not change due to low income and they resort to slum life, as this is relatively cheaper. This way, the urban poverty cycle gets rolling (Samers, 2010). Recommendations Rapid urban growth exerts enormous pressure on local capacities and leads to characteristic urban poverty. To solve this challenge, it is necessary to secure land for the urban poor. This aims at using poverty as collateral for obtaining formal credit to invest in home improvements and business investments. This increases avenues for revenue to help fund public services and facilities. Further, it gives a good market to properties by reducing transaction costs. The government buys the products from farmers at a competitive price and markets them on their behalf. This program also gives farmers and residents tenure security for informal urban settlements (Payne, 2011). In an attempt to curb the challenges brought about by rural to urban migration and subsequent urbanization, the following policies seem to offer solution to the current problem. Provision of basic social amenities in rural areas enhances healthy living and exposure. Improved infrastructure makes remote areas accessible and increases chances of development. Improved quality of education gives both rural and urban children an equal opportunity to excel in academics and compet e in the job market. There seems to be a need in decentralizing agro –buissiness and industries from urban areas to rural areas. This will help curb rural-urban migration (Mohanty, 1993). Erection of government stores in rural areas that buy farm products at a competitive price from the farmers is a good move. It should also help to market the farmers’ products on their behalf. Embracing technological farming will increase productivity and subsequently offer good returns. In addition, empowering youths in rural areas with entrepreneurial skills will facilitates business growth. All these strategies are likely to improve their living standards. All these will create equal opportunities in rural areas and decrease the need for migration to urban centers (UNFPA, 2007). Information on reproductive health issues need to be readily accessible to the poor. This way, family planning measures will help curb natural population increases. The poor will give birth to children they are able to sufficiently support using their resources. Gender equity and equality measures empower both men and women to realize their goals with no fear. Cities need to be planned with a long term and broad vision to efficiently utilize its space and promote sustainability. Proper planning decongests cities, reduces traffic jams and avoids overcrowding. Environmental and ecosystem management is crucial in urban centers to avoid adverse environmental changes like global warming (Davis, 2007). Community participation in development is another factor. For example, the Kenya Water for Health Organization is a Kenyan Non-governmental organization that provides water, health and sanitation through community participation. Through these activities, it has been able to develop rural water, health and sanitation programmes. This in turn promotes gardening and other income generating activities for the residents (Mohanty, 1993). Development is therefore every person’s initiative. Im plementation of the right government policies coupled with public cooperation is a necessary tool for rural development. Conclusion Migration, urbanization and poverty are closely linked population aspects. Migration results in urbanization while urbanization results in poverty. The high rates of urbanization in developing countries lead to urban poverty. Urban poverty has adverse implications on the economy of a country. For this reason, measures need be taken to avoid increasing urban poverty in developing countries. Implementations of government policies to that end will go a long way towards ensuring good urban centers in the future in developing countries. This may take years but it is worth the effort. It also has the advantage of ensuring a country fully utilizes its human and material resources to better itself. Thus, the economy of such a country is sure to increase. References Bilsborrow, E. (1996). Migration, Urbanization, and Development: New Directions and Issues. New Y ork: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Cohen, R. (1996). Theories of Migration: A Two-Sector Analysis. Cheltenham: Elgar Publications. Davis, M. ( 2007). The Urban Climacteric. London: Verso. Harris, J. Todaro, M. (1970). Migration, Unemployment Development: A Two-Sector Analysis. New York: American Economic Review. 60(1): 126-42. Martin, G. McGranaham, G. Montgomery, M. (2008). The New Global Frontier: Urbanisation,Poverty, and Environment in the 21st Century. London: Eartscan Publishers. Mohanty, B. (1993). Urbanization in Developing Countries: Basic Service and Community Participation. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. Payne, R. (2011). Global Issues. New York: Pearsons Publishers. Samers, M. (2010). Migration. New York: Routledge Publishers. UNFPA. (2007). State of World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential for Urban Growth. Accessed from www.unfpa.org/public/publications/pid/408 Urban Age. (2009). Cities and Social Equity: Inequality, territory and urban form. London: LS E Publishers.

Project Management #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Project Management #1 - Essay Example The origin of Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) or modern version of it known as project life cycle can be traced back to the 1960's when project designers and developers initiated a series of steps in projects in order to track down the progress of a project. As early as in 1976 Archibald first wrote a comprehensive text book on project life cycle management (Archibald, 1976). He came closest to the modern sequence of phases given in SDLC. After Archibald a number of other scholars developed the concept of SDLC so that any project including engineering and IT can be represented. In 1981 Stuckenbruck developed a very formal sequence of phases to represent the project life cycle (Stuckenbruck, 1981). According to Stuckenbruck PLC is essential to adequately represent the various phases of a project from initiation to finish. Stuckenbruck was the first author to discuss budgeting and resource mapping for PLC. According to him there are just four phases in the life cycle of a project. They are Initiation, Growth, Production and Shutdown (Tinnirello, 1999). The figure he drew just represented a unimodal histogram. Writers tend to distinguish between government projects and private projects. However this paper would adopt a general approach avoiding specificities associated with government projects.The subsequent developments in the PLC literature were focused on modifying the above theoretical and conceptual models. In the process many new features were included though these changes did not substantially alter the original frameworks. Since 1980's a series of new developments took place and these developments went on till the traditional SDLC models were replaced with new ones (Westland, 2007). These new models are not only complex but also highly technical because many IT projects are designed and planned according to these models. Thus this paper would focus attention on three historical phases of SDLC development. Phase 1 Figure 1: Archibald's Project Life Span Start The Total Project Project Termination The above figure illustrates Archibald's visual representation of the sequence of phases in a project. According to Archibald the initiation phase of the project begins with its start and both the concept and definition continue with this phase. Assuming that the process of conceptualization of the project begins with designing the diverse parameters of the project, then it is possible that the subsequent definition will involve in outline of project outcomes.Next comes the design phase. Yet again Archibald did not elaborate how best to make use of diverse skills and tools to carry out the design phase of the project successfully. However he laid the foundation for a structural feasibility design framework that encompassed a range of issues such as the social dimension of the project and the corporate governance parameters (PMI, 2004).The phase of manufacture according to Archibald is identical to execution of a project. For instance there is a possibility that project

Should America have stronger gun control laws LogicCritical Thinking Essay

Should America have stronger gun control laws LogicCritical Thinking - Essay Example Unfortunately many forget the main reason the amendment was created and the necessity for citizens to have a way to stand up to and protect themselves from their government in case it turns against them. The right to bear arms is essential to living in a free country. If the citizens give up their rights to own firearms they, to a certain degree, are giving up their freedom. As part of living in a democracy citizens must ensure that their government is putting the needs of the people first. It is the citizen's responsibility to defend their freedoms, and when worst comes to worst, to revolt against an overbearing government. Therefore, the decision to give up the right to bear arms should only be considered after deep scrutiny and a full understanding of the consequences, with a possible loss of one's freedom as a result. According to George Mason, one of the coauthors of the Second Amendment, "To disarm the people is the best and most effectual way to enslave them" (W.A.T.E.R. 44). This sentiment is shared by many American citizens, especially with those who are members of the National Rifle Association. While widely recognized today as a major political force and as America's foremost defender of Second Amendment rights, the NRA has, "Since its inception, been the premier firearms education organization in the world" (NRA.org). Members of the NRA help to educate citizens on the proper use of firearms whether it is for sport or for protection. The idea that without guns people will be unprotected comes from the revolutionary war in which America was created. Despite the needs and wants of the American settlers, the British government insisted that its laws and ways of life continued to be followed even though they knew that they were not in their citizen's best interests. In order to escape the over bearing and corrupt British government the American settlers had no choice but to revolt. They needed guns in order to stand up to the British and to defend their rights as citizens and human beings. "One of the democratic rights of the United States, the Second Amendment to the Constitution gives the people the right to bear arms. However, there is a greater right: "the right of human dignity that gives all men the right to defend themselves," (W.A.T.E.R. 44). Many citizens share in Black Panther cofounder Huey P. Newton's thoughts believing that without guns they are giving up their freedom and in turn everything that their country stands for. History only strengthens this fear as citizens look to the past to learn that they must be responsible for their own lives. For example many look back to slavery and see that without a way to defend oneself anyone can become a slave, or the Nazi concentrations camps were guns were taken out of the hands of the people and they were left with no way to fight back. Newton says, "If the guns are taken out of the hands of the people and only the pigs have guns, then it's off to the concentration camps, the gas chambers or whatever the fascists in America come up with" (W.A.T.E.R. 44). For gun supporters and members of the NRA it is often hard to understand the opposing opinions of citizens who side with anti gun groups. "The National Rifle Association people are quite right to be suspicious of the designs of the gun controllers. It is absolutely true that there are people around who,